An example of correspondence theory is the statement by the thirteenth-century philosopher/theologian Thomas Aquinas: Veritas est adaequatio rei et intellectus ("Truth is the equation of things and intellect"), a statement which Aquinas attributed to the ninth-century neoplatonist Isaac Israeli. This class of theories holds that the truth or the falsity of a representation is determined in principle entirely by how it relates to "things", by whether it accurately describes those "things". It is a traditional model tracing its origins to ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. This type of theory stresses a relationship between thoughts or statements on one hand, and things or objects on the other. Substantive theories of meaning Correspondence theory Ĭorrespondence theories emphasise that true beliefs and true statements of meaning correspond to the actual state of affairs and that associated meanings must be in agreement with these beliefs and statements. Each type is discussed below, together with its principal exponents. The question of what is a proper basis for deciding how words, symbols, ideas and beliefs may properly be considered to truthfully denote meaning, whether by a single person or by an entire society, has been considered by five major types of theory of meaning and truth.
measurement, computation, or operation.message, content, information, or communication.logical theories, involving notions such as intension, cognitive content, or sense, along with extension, reference, or denotation.psychological theories, involving notions of thought, intention, or understanding.The major contemporary positions of meaning come under the following partial definitions of meaning: things that are necessarily meaningful, such as words and nonverbal symbols.things that are also signs of other things, and therefore are always meaningful (i.e., natural signs of the physical world and ideas within the mind).The types of meanings vary according to the types of the thing that is being represented. In semantics, semiotics, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and metasemantics, meaning "is a relationship between two sorts of things: signs and the kinds of things they intend, express, or signify". For the non-linguistic treatment of meaning, see Meaning (non-linguistic). For the linguistic treatment of meaning, see Semantics § Linguistics. This article is about the philosophical treatment of meaning.
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